How to Cite a Social Media in Chicago Manual of Style (Notes-Bibliography)

Learn the exact format with examples, in-text citations, and common mistakes to avoid.

Citation Format

Basic Template

Creator. "First 20 words of post [...]" Platform, @username, Month Day, Year. URL.

Citation Components

Creator/Account

Full name or organization name.

Post Content

First 20 words in quotation marks. Use [...] if truncated.

Platform

Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, etc.

Username

Format: @handle.

Post Date

Month Day, Year format.

URL

Direct link to post.

Real-World Example

Example Source

creator

NASA

content

The James Webb Space Telescope reveals the oldest galaxies ever observed [...]

platform

Twitter

username

@NASA

date

July 12, 2023

url

https://twitter.com/NASA/status/1234567890

Formatted Citation

1. NASA, "The James Webb Space Telescope Reveals the Oldest Galaxies Ever Observed [...]," Twitter, @NASA, July 12, 2023, https://twitter.com/NASA/status/1234567890.

In-Text Citation

1

Superscript numeral

Common Mistakes

Wrong:

NASA [@NASA]. 'The James Webb Space Telescope.' Twitter. 7/12/23.

Right:

1. NASA, "The James Webb Space Telescope Reveals the Oldest Galaxies Ever Observed [...]," Twitter, @NASA, July 12, 2023, https://twitter.com/NASA/status/1234567890.

Why: Use double quotation marks. Include first 20 words of actual post. Use written date format. Include full URL.

Wrong:

1. @NASA. Space Telescope Post. 2023.

Right:

1. NASA, "The James Webb Space Telescope Reveals the Oldest Galaxies Ever Observed [...]," Twitter, @NASA, July 12, 2023, https://twitter.com/NASA/status/...

Why: Start with account name (not @handle). Include actual post text in quotation marks. Include complete date and URL.

Wrong:

1. Twitter. NASA posted about space. July 2023.

Right:

1. NASA, "The James Webb Space Telescope Reveals the Oldest Galaxies Ever Observed [...]," Twitter, @NASA, July 12, 2023, https://twitter.com/NASA/status/...

Why: Start with creator name. Include actual post content. Include month and day. Include platform, username, and URL.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I always need the @username in a social media citation?

Yes, it helps readers verify the source and shows which account posted.

What if the social media post has no date?

Use the date you accessed it: accessed Month Day, Year.

Can I omit emojis from the citation?

Yes, omit emojis from the text. Include them only if essential to understanding the post.

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