University of Birmingham Thesis Format Guide (2026)

University of Birmingham Thesis Format Guide

The University of Birmingham maintains strict formatting standards for all graduate theses and dissertations to ensure academic rigor, consistency, and proper archival preservation. This comprehensive guide covers all formatting requirements for your Birmingham thesis submission.

Page Setup and Margins

All Birmingham theses must be formatted on standard A4 paper (210 × 297 mm or 8.27 × 11.69 inches). US letter size (8.5 × 11 inches) is also acceptable.

Margin requirements:

• Left margin: Minimum 1.5 inches (4 cm) for binding
• Right margin: 1 inch (2.5 cm)
• Top margin: 1 inch (2.5 cm)
• Bottom margin: 1 inch (2.5 cm)

The larger left margin accommodates binding of physical copies and meets Birmingham’s archival standards. All text must remain within the specified margins.

Text should be left-aligned with a ragged right margin. Avoid justified text, which creates uneven spacing in academic writing.

Line spacing: Your thesis must be double-spaced throughout the main body, including paragraphs and block quotations. Single spacing is acceptable for footnotes, endnotes, captions, and the bibliography, though double spacing is also acceptable.

Font Requirements

Birmingham requires clear, professional fonts suitable for academic preservation.

Approved fonts: Times New Roman, Garamond, Palatino, Cambria, or Georgia at 12 points.

Font size: Body text must be 12-point font. Footnotes and endnotes may be 10 or 11 points.

Text color: Use black text throughout. Colored text acceptable only in figures when necessary.

Consistency: Use the same font throughout your entire thesis.

Title Page

The title page is not numbered. Center all content on the page.

Include in this order:

1. TITLE OF YOUR THESIS (capital letters or title case)
2. by (lowercase)
3. Your Full Name (as registered at Birmingham)
4. A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham (centered)
5. for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in [Discipline] (or appropriate degree)
6. Month and Year of submission (e.g., “June 2026”)

Use the same font as your body text. If your title spans multiple lines, single-space title lines while maintaining centered layout. Include adequate white space.

Abstract

The abstract provides a concise summary, typically 200-300 words for a doctoral thesis.

Placement: Begin on a new page after the title page.

Heading: “Abstract” centered in bold.

Format: Double-space the abstract with clear summary of research question, methodology, findings, and conclusions.

Numbering: Number with lowercase Roman numerals as part of front matter.

Declaration and Copyright

Birmingham requires a declaration of original authorship and copyright information.

Placement: Include on a separate page after the title page or before the abstract.

Language: Use Birmingham’s standard declaration language.

Table of Contents

The table of contents lists all major sections and chapters with page numbers.

Format: Begin on a new page with “Table of Contents” centered in bold.

Content: List all chapters, sections, appendices, and bibliography.

Generation: Use automatic table of contents feature.

Spacing: Format with double spacing and same font as body text. Number with lowercase Roman numeral.

Headings and Section Structure

Maintain a clear heading hierarchy throughout.

Chapter headings: Bold, 12-point font, centered or left-aligned consistently. Include chapter numbers.

Section headings (Level 1): Bold, 12-point font, left-aligned.

Subsection headings (Level 2): Bold or bold-italic, 12-point font, left-aligned.

Ensure at least one line of body text follows each heading.

Page Numbering

Front matter (abstract through introduction): Use lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, v, etc.). Title page not numbered; numbering begins with abstract as page i.

Body and back matter (Chapter 1 onward): Use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.).

Placement: Position in top right corner, 0.5 inches from top, or centered at bottom (choose one method consistently).

Citation Styles and References

Birmingham allows flexibility in citation styles with department-specific guidance.

Harvard style: Uses author-date citations in parentheses with alphabetical reference list.

Oxford (footnote) style: Uses numbered footnotes with bibliography.

Chicago Manual of Style: Notes and bibliography system acceptable.

Consistency: Apply chosen style uniformly throughout thesis.

Figures, Graphs, and Tables

All visual elements must be clearly labeled and professionally presented.

Figures: Include figure number (Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.), title, and source citation. Place captions below figures.

Tables: Include table number (Table 1, Table 2, etc.) and title above the table. Place source information below.

Numbering: Number consecutively throughout (Figure 1, Figure 2, Table 1, Table 2) or by chapter if applicable.

Legibility: Ensure figures and tables are legible and fit within margins. Color acceptable.

Lists: Include a list of figures and list of tables if you have more than five of each.

Bibliography and References

Your bibliography appears after your conclusion and includes all sources cited.

Placement: Begin on a new page with “Bibliography,” “References,” or “Works Cited” centered in bold.

Organization: Arrange alphabetically by author’s last name, using hanging indents.

Formatting: Use 12-point font. Single spacing within entries and double spacing between is standard.

Completeness: Include all cited sources; do not list uncited sources.

Appendices

Appendices present supplementary material supporting your thesis.

Organization: Number consecutively (Appendix A, Appendix B, etc.).

Format: Begin each appendix on a new page with “Appendix A: Title” centered in bold. Apply same formatting as main body.

Documentation: List appendices in table of contents.

Electronic Submission

Birmingham requires submission through the eTheses repository and your college’s graduate office.

PDF submission: Convert formatted Word document to PDF and review to ensure formatting is preserved.

Required documents: Submit thesis along with required declaration.

Deadline: Submit by your department’s specified deadline.

Word Processing Tips

Use styles: Apply Word’s built-in styles (Heading 1, Heading 2, Body Text) for consistency.

Set margins: In Layout > Margins, set Left 1.5”, Right 1”, Top 1”, Bottom 1”.

Configure page numbering: Use Insert > Page Number and set different numbering for front matter and body using section breaks.

Create automatic table of contents: Use References > Table of Contents.

Apply line spacing: Select all text and set to 2.0 (double spacing).

Track changes: Use Review > Track Changes while working with your supervisor.

Block quotations: Indent 0.5 inches on both sides and maintain double spacing.

Save multiple formats: Keep both .docx and .pdf versions.

Final Submission Checklist

Before submitting:

• All margins are set correctly (1.5” left, 1” others)
• Font is 12-point serif throughout
• Double spacing applied to body text
• Page numbering is correct (Roman for front matter, Arabic for body)
• Title page is not numbered
• Table of contents lists all sections with correct page numbers
• All figures and tables are numbered and captioned
• All citations are complete and consistent
• Bibliography is complete and properly formatted
• Declaration is included
• Supervisor has approved
• PDF preserves all formatting
• Submission is by the deadline

Following these guidelines ensures your Birmingham thesis meets all institutional requirements.